1. Explain to students that there are many questions readers can ask about their reading and that one way to find the answer is to think about what kind of question it is. Define the four types of questions and give an example.
3. Have questions of different types prepared to ask about the passage. When you have finished reading, read each question aloud and model how you decide which type of question you have been asked to answer.
reader at work 2 answer key
The teacher introduces 5th grade students to the QAR strategy. The teacher guides students through the process of deciding where and how they found the answer to a series of questions. At the end of the lesson, the teacher summarizes the four types of questions and sets them up for doing this again with their teacher. (See aligned lesson from CORE)
In this variation of QAR, the students generate questions about Smoky Night, a whole-class read-aloud. The teacher guides them through determining where and how they found the answer using a graphic organizer.
Raphael, T.E., & Au, K.H. (2005). QAR: Enhancing comprehension and test taking across grades and content areas. The Reading Teacher, 59, 206-221.Wilson, N. S., & Smetana, L. (2011). Questioning as thinking: A metacognitive framework to improve comprehension of expository text. Literacy, 45, 84-90.
This fictionalized story of Kojo, a boy from Ghana, who changes his world with a small loan and one hen, is based on a real person. Kwabena Darko lives in West Africa and started a system of micro-loans in villages that would not otherwise have access. Additional resources and sources for further information allow readers to find out more.
These questions are based on information provided in the text but the student is required to relate it to their own experience. Although the answer does not lie directly in the text, the student must have read it in order to answer the question.
QAR can provide a framework for all other thinking about text. It might help to think of QAR as simplified language so that young students can understand how to answer and ask text questions leading to deep thinking about text.
Reading Rockets is a national multimedia project that offers a wealth of research-based reading strategies, lessons, and activities designed to help young children learn how to read and read better. Our reading resources assist parents, teachers, and other educators in helping struggling readers build fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension skills.Copyright 2022 WETA Public Broadcasting
PaperCut supports various card readers in a number of areas such as controlling access to photocopiers, providing a quick method of authenticating to a stand alone release station and also being used with the PaperCut Fast Release product.
Fast Release is a short cut method to release the jobs held in a hold/release queue using commodity off-the-shelf card reader hardware (secure print release). The solution does not rely on embedded software and hence will work with any printer type. Specifically the solution works as follows:
Yes. The same reader types used on most embedded solutions can also be used for Fast Release. This ensures the maximum level of card compatibility. The two popular readers are Elatec and RFIDeas. The standard USB Elatec reader can be turned into an Ethernet/IP networked reader with a simple TCP Converter Box. In some cases special firmware needs to be loaded onto the reader to support Fast Release. For example, the specially written scripts for the Elatec reader allows the PaperCut server to send different audible tones and lights on different conditions (e.g. no jobs, unknown card).
Normally customers obtain card readers at the same time as they make arrangements to install devices from their hardware supplier. Please note that the card reader hardware required can depend on the multi-function devices being used, as some manufacture only support their own proprietary card solutions.
Make sure that the MFD works without the card reader by using a different authentication method. Once you have verified that you can authenticate to the device, swap the reader, MFD or user to see if the problem can be isolated. If you are still not able to get it working, contact the card reader supplier or PaperCut Support with the steps that you have followed.
Every RFID system consists of three components: a scanning antenna, a transceiver and a transponder. When the scanning antenna and transceiver are combined, they are referred to as an RFID reader or interrogator. There are two types of RFID readers -- fixed readers and mobile readers. The RFID reader is a network-connected device that can be portable or permanently attached. It uses radio waves to transmit signals that activate the tag. Once activated, the tag sends a wave back to the antenna, where it is translated into data.
The transponder is in the RFID tag itself. The read range for RFID tags varies based on factors including the type of tag, type of reader, RFID frequency and interference in the surrounding environment or from other RFID tags and readers. Tags that have a stronger power source also have a longer read range.
Low-power, embedded non-volatile memory plays an important role in every RFID system. RFID tags typically hold less than 2,000 KB of data, including a unique identifier/serial number. Tags can be read-only or read-write, where data can be added by the reader or existing data overwritten.
The read range for RFID tags varies based on factors including type of tag, type of reader, RFID frequency, and interference in the surrounding environment or from other RFID tags and readers. Active RFID tags have a longer read range than passive RFID tags due to the stronger power source.
smart labels are simple RFID tags. These labels have an RFID tag embedded into an adhesive label and feature a barcode. They can also be used by both RFID and barcode readers. Smart labels can be printed on-demand using desktop printers, where RFID tags require more advanced equipment.
The frequency used will depend on the RFID application, with actual obtained distances sometimes varying from what is expected. For example, when the U.S. State Department announced it would issue electronic passports enabled with an RFID chip, it said the chips would only be able to be read from approximately 4 inches away. However, the State Department soon received evidence that RFID readers could skim the information from the RFID tags from much farther than 4 inches -- sometimes upward of 33 feet away.
RFID dates back to the 1940s; however, it was used more frequently in the 1970s. For a long time, the high cost of the tags and readers prohibited widespread commercial use. As hardware costs have decreased, RFID adoption has also increased.
Near-field communication (NFC) enables data to be exchanged between devices by using short-range, high-frequency wireless communication technology. NFC combines the interface of a smart card and reader into a single device.
A common RFID security or privacy concern is that RFID tag data can be read by anyone with a compatible reader. Tags can often be read after an item leaves a store or supply chain. They can also be read without a user's knowledge using unauthorized readers, and if a tag has a unique serial number, it can be associated to a consumer. While a privacy concern for individuals, in military or medical settings this can be a national security concern or life-or-death matter.
Because RFID tags do not have a lot of compute power, they are unable to accommodate encryption, such as might be used in a challenge-response authentication system. One exception to this, however, is specific to RFID tags used in passports -- basic access control (BAC). Here, the chip has sufficient compute power to decode an encrypted token from the reader, thus proving the validity of the reader.
At the reader, information printed on the passport is machine-scanned and used to derive a key for the passport. There are three pieces of information used -- the passport number, the passport holder's birth date and the passport's expiration date -- along with a checksum digit for each of the three.
A screen reader uses a Text-To-Speech (TTS) engine to translate on-screen information into speech, which can be heard through earphones or speakers. A TTS may be a software application that comes bundled with the screen reader, or it may be a hardware device that plugs into the computer. Originally, before computers had soundcards, screen readers always used hardware TTS devices, but now that soundcards come as standard on all computers many find that a software TTS is preferable.
In addition to speech feedback, screen readers are also capable of providing information in Braille. An external hardware device, known as a refreshable Braille display is needed for this. A refreshable Braille display contains one or more rows of cells. Each cell can be formed into the shape of a Braille character, a series of dots that are similar to domino dots in their layout.
All current operating systems have their own keyboard shortcuts, which are available to everyone not just screen reader users. An example of a Microsoft Windows keyboard shortcut is using the alt + A key combination to open the Favourites menu in Internet Explorer. Each screen reader uses a different series of commands, so most people will tend to choose a screen reader and stick with it, as the task of learning a large number of new keyboard commands is considerable.
Apple took a new approach to screen reader technology. Instead of requiring a separate application to be purchased, Voice Over comes as part of the MacOSx Tiger OS. Voice Over uses the Cepstral TTS by default.
Jaws is developed by Freedom Scientific, market leaders in screen reader technology. Jaws is primarily designed for desktop computers, but they also offer a portable USB pen drive version. The Jaws screen reader comes bundled with a TTS called ETI Eloquence. _products/JAWS_HQ.asp Hal is developed by Dolphin Computer Access, primarily as a desktop computer screen reader. 2ff7e9595c
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